Dynamics of prevalence and distribution pattern of avian Plasmodium species and its vectors in diverse zoogeographical areas - A review.

摘要: Avian Plasmodium is of special interest to health care scientists and veterinarians due the potency causing avian malaria in non-adapted birds their evolutionary phylogenetic relationship with human species. This article aimed provide a comprehensive list common parasites mosquitoes, specify species lineages selected regions West Asia, East Europe, North Africa/Middle East, determine contribution generalist host-specific lineages. The final published infected includes 146 species, among which Passer domesticus was most prevalent studied areas. Acrocephalus arundinaceus Sylvia atricapilla were reported as hosts examined three continents. highest numbers between continent pairs from Asia no record found Europe Africa. Milvus migrans Upupa epops recorded lineage GRW11 P. relictum all infection records birds. genus vectors belonged Culex Cx. pipiens. SGS1 number occurrence has been various comprising pipiens, modestus, theileri, sasai, perexiguus, Lutzia vorax, Culicoides alazanicus. A total 31 59 these regions. SGS1, GRW04, GRW11, vaughani are specified geographic presence distant areas may be explained by movement through migration routes. Although investigating distribution some countries not done. Thus, important outcome this review determination pattern parasite vector that shed light on gaps requiring further studies monitoring extension. task could achieved scientific field laboratory networking, performing active surveillance designing regional/continental control programs birds' other zoonotic diseases.