Sample pretreatment method for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in bird livers using ultrasonic extraction followed by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

摘要: Abstract A simple and reliable sample methodology based on simultaneous ultrasonic extraction, sulfuric acid clean-up headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME)–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry has been developed as an advantageous analytical tool for the determination of seven polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in bird livers at low levels. The influence several parameters efficiency proposed method was systematically investigated. treatment tested compared with those column chromatography (Flosiril, silica gel alumina) extraction (SPE) (Supelclean ENVI-Carb cartridge) procedures. use step prior to analysis allows removal interfering matrix compounds present liver extracts that would otherwise cause severe ionization suppression biphenyls (PCBs) during process. optimized had good linearity ( R 2  > 0.99) over range studied (5–500 ng/g wet weight) showed satisfactory level precision, RSD values lower than 10.6%. obtained relative recoveries ranged between 63 94%. limits detection (0.06–0.63 ng/g were enough check harmful levels biological samples, well below most restrictive established by European Union regulations. found be under operational conditions applied successfully individual tissues. results from five species Greece revealed presence target all samples analyzed, ranging 0.54 39.45 ng/g weight.