Three‐dimensional modeling of the radiation belts using the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB) code

摘要: [1] Relativistic electrons are hazardous for satellites and humans in space. In this study, we present a detailed description of the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB) code. The computationally efficient methods described report make VERB code useful tool space weather forecasting nowcasting relativistic electron environment. computational efficiency makes it also appropriate future use with data assimilation tools to specify state radiation environment correct imperfect models. We several skill scores which can be used quantify Our numerical approach is based on two grids: one radial diffusion other energy pitch angle diffusion. paper, describe initial boundary conditions, grids time step our simulations, tests conduct verify validity approaches. Specifically, perform simulations steps ranging from 0.01 4 h number grid points 7 76 each variables. compare results obtained using various spatial resolutions steps, giving relative solution errors performed basis developed set scores. choice 0.1 resolution 19 × was found optimal. block split methods, showing that method much faster than sufficiently accurate half an hour or less. Additionally, approximate simplifies simulation by only more two-grid method.