Phase-II conjugation ability for PAH metabolism in amphibians : Characteristics and inter-species differences
作者： Haruki Ueda , Yoshinori Ikenaka , Shouta M.M. Nakayama , Tomoko Tanaka-Ueno , Mayumi Ishizuka
DOI: 10.1016/J.AQUATOX.2011.07.004
关键词:
摘要: The present study examines amphibian metabolic activity - particularly conjugation by analysis of pyrene (a four ring, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector (FD), a mass spectrometry (MS) system and kinetic enzymes. Six species were exposed to (dissolved in water): African claw frog (Xenopus laevis); Tago's brown (Rana tagoi); Montane ornativentris); Wrinkled rugosa); Japanese newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster); Clouded salamander (Hynobius nebulosus); plus one fish species, medaka (Oryzias latipes); fresh water snail (Clithon retropictus), the resultant collected. Identification HPLC ion-trap MS indicated that mainly excreted pyrene-1-glucuronide (PYOG), while pyrene-1-sulfate (PYOS) was main metabolite all species. Pyrene amphibians different from those invertebrate snails. Inter-species differences also observed metabolism among amphibians. Metabolite showed frogs relied more strongly on sulfate than did newts clouded salamanders. Furthermore, urodelan amphibians, salamanders, glucose conjugates not detected anuran Kinetic hepatic microsomes cytosols reflected enzymatic activities. pyrenediol (PYDOH) glucoside sample. This novel has been reported previously this report, which we have identified unique characteristics phase II metabolism.
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