Abiotic Stress and Phyllosphere Bacteria Influence the Survival of Human Norovirus and Its Surrogates on Preharvest Leafy Greens

摘要: Foodborne outbreaks of human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are frequently associated with leafy greens. Because there is no effective method to eliminate HuNoV from postharvest greens, understanding virus survival under preharvest conditions crucial. The objective this study was evaluate the and its surrogate viruses, murine norovirus (MNV), porcine sapovirus (SaV), Tulane (TV), on lettuce spinach that were subjected abiotic stress (physical damage, heat, or flood). We also examined bacteria culturable phyllosphere in response relation viral persistence. Mature plants stressors 2 days prior inoculation viruses leaves. quantified RNA, determined infectivity surrogates, performed bacterial counts postinoculation (PIDs) 0, 1, 7, 14. For both plant types, time exerted significant effects HuNoV, MNV, SaV, TV RNA titers, greater being seen for surrogates. Infectious undetectable PID Only physical damage 14 significantly enhanced persistence lettuce, while three differentially MNV RNA. Bacterial affected by type but not stressors. However, correlated titers presence types various conditions. In conclusion, density may influence surrogates spinach, emphasizing need use preventive measures at stage.