Polymethoxy-1-alkenes from Aphanizomenon ovalisporum Inhibit Vertebrate Development in the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo Model

摘要: Cyanobacteria are recognized producers of a wide array toxic or otherwise bioactive secondary metabolites. The present study utilized the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo as an aquatic animal model vertebrate development to identify, purify and characterize lipophilic inhibitors (i.e., developmental toxins) from isolate freshwater cyanobacterial species, Aphanizomenon ovalisporum.Bioassay-guided fractionation led purification, subsequent chemical characterization, apparent homologous series isotactic polymethoxy-1-alkenes (1–6), including three congeners (4–6) previously identified strain, two variants other species (2 3), well one apparently novel member (1). Five PMAs in (1–5) were purified sufficient quantity for comparative toxicological toxicity was found generally correlate with relative chain length and/or methoxylation. Moreover, exposure embryos combination indicates synergistic interaction between congeners. Although have been cyanobacteria, this is first report their toxicity. These results, along reported presence several suggest possibly widespread distribution metabolites warrants further investigation.