摘要: The emergence and prevalence of systemic extortion depends on particular institutional arrangements, produced as adaptive responses the interaction between different social actors. following typology characterises these arrangements in six categories, involving three main actors: criminal organisations, state civil society. While categories focus that foster extortion, could be loosely described presenting two focusing each predominant actor category derives from relative importance for specific aspect addressed by category. major contribution this is acknowledgement rackets cannot understood without looking at dimensions political environment they exist (i.e. state) society, which comprises potential actual victims). Following factors allowing persistence are grouped into socio-spatial, socio-normative socio-cognitive factors.