Clinical Relevance of the serum CTLA-4 in Cats with Mammary Carcinoma.

摘要: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) serves an important role in breast cancer progression, which has led to the development of novel immunotherapies aimed at blocking tumor immune evasion. Although feline mammary carcinoma is increasingly recognized as a valuable model, no studies on CTLA-4 function had been conducted this species. The serum CTLA-4, TNF-α and IL-6 levels 57 female cats with were determined by ELISA, immunohistochemistry was performed evaluate FoxP3 expression cells interstitial lymphocytes. results obtained show that are increased (P = 0.022), showing association number clinicopathological features: smaller size, P < 0.001; absence necrosis, non-basal status, P < 0.02 HER-2-positive status. Additionally, strong positive correlation found between (R = 0.88, P < 0.001) (R = 0.72, P < 0.001). Concerning expression, although detected both lymphocytes cells, only expressions (R = 0.387, P = 0.01), negatively (P = 0.03). These findings provide preliminary step characterization profiles carcinoma, uncovering molecular rationale for targeted therapy pathway inhibitors. Finally, strengthening hypothesis immunomodulatory regulator, we further validate utility spontaneous model human cancer.