Relationship between critical load exceedances and empirical impact indicators at Integrated Monitoring sites across Europe

摘要: Abstract Critical loads for acidification and eutrophication their exceedances were determined a selection of ecosystem effects monitoring sites in the Integrated Monitoring programme (UNECE ICP IM). The level protection these with respect to acidifying eutrophying deposition was estimated 2000 2020. In 2020 more protected from (67%) than (61%). However, due sensitivity sites, even maximum technically feasible emission reductions scenario would not protect all acidification. 2000, around 20% IM eutrophication. 2020, under accordance current legislation, about one third be protected, at best, reductions, half Data intensively monitored such as those IM, provide connection between modelled critical thresholds empirical observations, thus an indication applicability load estimates natural ecosystems. Across there good correlation exceedance key parameters runoff water, both annual mean fluxes concentrations. There also evidence link nutrient nitrogen leaching. collected data allow testing validation concepts used calculations. This increases confidence European-scale mapping integrated assessment modelling support reduction agreements.