Systems, Rationality and Equity in a Post-Modern World

摘要: Systems practice involves intervention in society intended to bring about improvement. This is true of both ‘hard’ and’ soft’traditions the systems movement. ‘Hard’ engineering extended ambitions engineers from design effective and efficient machines ‘Men, Money Machines Material’ (Jenkins, 1969). The need for designers choose an appropriate boundary progressively gave rise incorporation human beings system designs, insight that occur as part a hierarchy again caused characteristics be considered at levels higher than operational. In tradition Engineering, therefore, social planning necessitated by drive comprehensiveness inherent approach. paper Jenkins (1969), full optimism times benefits will ensure application explicitly distinguishes Engineering claiming former can applied not only hardware but “...can also applied, example, parts firms, or whole local government” claims ensue include clarification objectives, replacement guesswork model-building optimisation, tackling problems their correct order importance. These are similar those made operational research movement similarly flourished 1960s.