Change in Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Concentrations Over Time Independently Predicts Mortality in Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals

摘要: BACKGROUND: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is emerging as a powerful risk indicator in both cardiovascular disease patients and community-dwelling individuals. We investigated GDF-15 concentrations their changes over 5 years elderly individuals from the community, together with underlying conditions prognostic implications of these measurements. METHODS: analyzed using sandwich immunoassay participants PIVUS (Prospective Investigation Vasculature Uppsala Seniors) study. Measurements were performed at 70 (n = 1004) 75 813) age. Median follow-up was 8.0 years. RESULTS: Over time, increased by 11.0% ( P < 0.001). These related to male sex, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, renal function, N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Significant relationships also emerged between NT-proBNP C-reactive protein (CRP) function ages 75. The R 2 value model including all covariates 0.20. independently predicted all-cause mortality [hazard ratio 4.0 (95% CI 2.7–6.0)] results obtained updated covariates. Baseline improved discrimination reclassification [C statistic 0.06 0.006); integrated improvement 0.030 0.004); category-free net 0.281 0.006)]. change time even occurring after age 3.6 2.2–6.0)]. CONCLUSIONS: are predictors increase aging, explained only partially factors, indicators neurohumoral activation inflammation, function. Thus reflects other biological processes closely longevity.