Integrated Pest Management: Economic decision rules for IPM

摘要: The year 2009 marks the 50th anniversary of elaboration economic injury level (EIL) and threshold (ET) concepts by Stern et al . (1959). EIL ET are widely recognized as most important in IPM. Because IPM is posited on premise that certain levels pests pest tolerable, represent a crucial underpinning for any theory Given centrality decision rule to IPM, it follows every program should be based these concepts. But this clearly not case. Why? In chapter, we will discuss historical development levels, current approaches, limitations ET. Finally, argue EILs incorporated much more into programs central continued environmental sustainability so Economic concept tolerating was introduced (1959); discussed at least early 1934 (Pierce, 1934) but does seem have been developed further until 1959 (Kogan, 1998). response failures control California because insecticide resistance mortality natural enemies, (1959) first proposed fundamental EIL, ET, damage status.