Animal models and human neuropsychiatric disorders.

摘要: Humans have long distinguished themselves from other living organisms. Therefore, to make use of animal models for neuropsychiatric disorders, it is important acknowledge what has changed historically. Darwin argued that there was continuity in mind between humans and nonhuman species, experimental psychologists others debated the existence consciousness mentality animals ever since. Those trained associationist tradition sought eliminate concept favor an empiricial, behavioral approach; introspectionist include mental abilities as integral part comparative psychology. The waning behaviorism ascendance cognitive psychology mid-twentieth century renewed interest notion organisms, particularly they related learning impairment neurobehavioral disorders. Moreover, advances molecular genetics technology facilitated development genetically modified mouse strains could be used examine deficits psychopathology. However, genetic modifications individual genes produce dysfunction not always provided clear results. In part, this likely due influence addition targeted gene, sometimes resulting paradoxical effects. I also issues created by human including: language, effect background strains, genetic-environmental interactions, problems associated with complex needed similarly phenotypes.