Anemia in heart failure patients.

摘要: Heart failure is a very common disease, with severe morbidity and mortality, frequent reason of hospitalization. Anemia concurrent renal impairment are two major risk factors contributing to the severity outcome consist cardio anemia syndrome. in heart complex multifactorial. Hemodilution, absolute or functional iron deficiency, activation inflammatory cascade, impaired erythropoietin production activity some pathophysiological mechanisms involved failure. Furthermore other concomitant causes anemia, such as myelodysplastic syndrome chemotherapy, may worsen outcome. Based on pathophysiology cardiac there several therapeutic options that improve hemoglobin levels, tissues' oxygenation, probably These include administration iron, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, blood transfusions but still evidence provided for their use remains limited.