Managing anemia in patients with chronic heart failure: what do we know?

摘要: Anemia is common in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) an incidence ranging from 4% to 55% depending on the studied population. Several studies have highlighted that prevalence of anemia increases worsening as reflected by New York Heart Association classification. Additionally, several epidemiological its role a prognostic marker, linking it worse outcomes including; malnutrition, increased hospitalizations, refractory and death. The pathophysiology multifactorial related various factors hemodilution, iron losses anti-platelet drugs, activation inflammatory cascade, urinary erythropoietin associated renal insufficiency. There are host examining HF anemia, but only few randomized trials addressing this issue. purpose article review literature examines interrelationship congestive HF, analyzing etiology, impact also kidney disease well cardiorenal syndrome both marker morbidity mortality.