Microplitis demolitor Bracovirus Proviral Loci and Clustered Replication Genes Exhibit Distinct DNA Amplification Patterns during Replication

摘要: UNLABELLED Polydnaviruses are large, double-stranded DNA viruses that beneficial symbionts of parasitoid wasps. in the genus Bracovirus (BVs) persist wasps as proviruses, and their genomes consist two functional components referred to proviral segments nudivirus-like genes. Prior studies established domains where reside amplified during replication within loci circularized before packaging into nucleocapsids. One domain genes located is also but never packaged virions. We recently sequenced genome braconid Microplitis demolitor, which carries M. demolitor bracovirus (MdBV). Here, we took advantage this resource characterize DNAs MdBV using a combination Illumina Pacific Biosciences sequencing approaches. The results showed specific nucleotide sites identify boundaries amplification for loci. Surprisingly, however, 3, 4, 6, 8 produced head-to-tail concatemeric intermediates; 1, 2, 5 head-to-head/tail-to-tail concatemers; locus 7 yielded no identified concatemers. Sequence differences at junctions correlated with types intermediates produced, while concatemer processing gave rise gene cluster was amplified, albeit more weakly than most nondiscrete boundaries. Overall, exhibited three patterns replication. Our data suggest PacBio could be useful studying by other viruses. IMPORTANCE fundamental interest because they provide novel example evolving symbionts. All polydnaviruses associated insects called wasps, additional applied many biological control agents pest insects. evolved ~100 million years ago from an ancestor related baculovirus-nudivirus lineage have novelties due symbiotic lifestyle. These include fact BVs transmitted only vertically proviruses produce replication-defective virions package portion viral genome. studied (MdBV) report its exhibits distinct several previously unknown features BV correlate these different patterns.