Adaptive dispersal strategies and the dynamics of a range expansion.

摘要: Abstract: In species undergoing range expansion, newly established populations are often more dispersive than older populations. Because dispersal phenotypes complex and costly, it is unclear how highly maintained in a to enable their rapid expression during periods of expansion. Here I test the idea that metapopulation dynamics local extinction recolonization maintain distinct strategies outside context Western bluebirds display where aggressive males nonaggressive males, resulting at edge expanding range. experimentally created new habitat interior show that, as on front, was colonized solely by males. Moreover, fitness consequences aggression depended population age: had high when colonizing populations, while per...