Lifetime fitness correlates of natal dispersal distance in a colonial bird

摘要: Summary 1. Obtaining empirical evidence of the consequences dispersal distance on fitness is challenging in wild animals because long-term, unbiased data reproduction, survival and movement are notoriously difficult to obtain. 2. Lifetime correlates natal were studied an isolated population facultatively colonial lesser kestrel Falco naumanni (Fleischer) monitored during 8 years at north-eastern Spain, where most birds (83%) dispersed from their colony settle distances ranging 112 m 136·5 km. 3. Neither annual breeding success nor age recruitment was affected by distance. However, a capture–mark–recapture analysis revealed that year following decreased exponentially with distance, differences up 15% between philopatrics long-distance dispersers. In subsequent years, it remained similar irrespective moved. These results did not seem be biased dispersers settling differentially periphery (which could emigrate permanently considered dead future occasions) or within-individual consistency successive distances, so our appear reflect genuine tactics. 4. Average lifetime fledgling production, average rate-sensitive individual (λind) also first-breeding colony, indicating decisions early life affecting immediate prospects may translate into long-term costs. 5. Both models including continuous significantly improved characterization effect compared considering as discrete process (i.e. vs. philopatry level). 6. Long-distance more likely establish new colonies regardless whether they recruited centre population, revealing important role colonization unoccupied patches. Individuals experienced higher probability mortality small newly funded colonies, costs explained sites quality low high uncertainty prospects.