Social phenotype extended to communities: Expanded multilevel social selection analysis reveals fitness consequences of interspecific interactions

摘要: In social species, fitness consequences are associated with both individual and phenotypes. Social selection analysis has quantified the contribution of conspecific traits to fitness. There been no attempt, however, apply a approach quantify implications heterospecific Here, we propose novel based integrating role all interactions at community level. We extended multilevel by including term accounting for group phenotype heterospecifics. analyzed nest activity as model trait common two lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) jackdaw (Corvus monedula), nesting in either single- or mixed-species colonies. By recording reproductive outcome measure relative fitness, our results reveal an asymmetric system wherein only breeding performance was affected phenotypes neighbors. Our incorporating is applicable animal communities where interacting species share trait, thus allowing assessment pressure imposed interspecific nature. Finally, discuss potential ecological limitations random preferential assortments among phenotypes, such processes evolution.