Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Increased Ceramide Content Characterize Subjects With High Liver Fat Content Independent of Obesity

摘要: OBJECTIVE— We sought to determine whether adipose tissue is inflamed in individuals with increased liver fat (LFAT) independently of obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— A total 20 nondiabetic, healthy, obese women were divided into normal and high LFAT groups based on their median level (2.3 ± 0.3 vs. 14.4 2.9%). Surgical subcutaneous biopsies studied using quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, a lipidomics approach search for putative mediators insulin resistance inflammation. The matched age BMI. group had ( P = 0.0025) lower HDL cholesterol 0.02) concentrations. RESULTS— Expression levels the macrophage marker CD68, chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 inflammatory protein-1α, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 significantly increased, those peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ adiponectin decreased group. CD68 expression correlated number macrophages crown-like structures (multiple fused around dead adipocytes). Concentrations 154 lipid species revealed several differences between groups, most striking being concentrations triacylglycerols, particularly long chain, ceramides, specifically Cer(d18:1/24:1) 0.01), sphingomyelinases SMPD1 SMPD3 also compared group. CONCLUSIONS— Adipose infiltrated macrophages, its content long-chain triacylglycerols ceramides subjects equally content. Ceramides or metabolites could contribute adverse effects fatty acids