Ceramide in stress response.

摘要: Evidence has consistently indicated that activation of sphingomyelinases and/or ceramide synthases and the resulting accumulation mediate cellular responses to stressors such as lipopolysaccharide, interleukin 1s, tumor necrosis factor a, serum deprivation, irradiation various antitumor treatments. Recent studies had identified genes encoding most enzymes responsible for generation ongoing research is aimed at characterizing their individual functions in response stress. This chapter discusses seminal more recent discoveries regards pathways during stress mechanisms by which affects cell functions. The former group includes roles neutral sphingomyelinase 2, serine palmitoyltransferase, synthases, well secretory endosomal/lysosomal forms acid sphingomyelinase. latter summarizes activate its direct targets, PKC?, PP2A cathepsin D. ability affect membrane organization discussed light relevance signaling. Emerging evidence support previously assumed notion acts a strictly structure-specific manner are also included. These findings described context several physiological pathophysiological conditions, namely septic shock, obesity-induced insulin resistance, aging apoptosis cells radiation chemotherapy.