An assessment of methods for computing radiative forcing in climate models

摘要: Because the radiative forcing is rarely computed separately when performing climate model simulations, several alternative methods have been developed to estimate both instantaneous (or direct) and adjusted forcing. The accounts for impact arising from adjustment of variables forcing, independent any surface warming. Using experiments performed CMIP5, we find 4 × CO2 ranges roughly 5.5–9 W m−2 in current models. This range shown be consistent between different estimating Decomposition using kernels offline double-call transfer calculations indicates that spread receives a substantial contribution (roughly 50%) intermodel differences component Moreover, nearly all can accounted by stratospheric adjustment, implying tropospheric adjustments play only secondary role. suggests modeling are responsible projected response underscores need archive as routine diagnostic.