Nanotoxicology and Nanosafety: Safety-by-Design and Testing at a Glance

摘要: This review offers a systematic discussion about nanotoxicology and nanosafety associated with nanomaterials during manufacture further biomedical applications. A detailed introduction on their most frequently uses, followed by the critical risk aspects related to regulatory uses commercialization, is provided. Moreover, impact of in research over last decades discussed, together currently available toxicological methods cell cultures (in vitro) living organisms vivo). special focus given inorganic nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide (TiO2NPs) silver (AgNPs). In vitro vivo case studies for selected are discussed. The final part this work describes significance nano-security both assessment environmental nanosafety. "Safety-by-Design" defined starting point consisting implementation principles drug discovery development. concept appears be way "ensure safety", but superficiality lack articulation which it treated still raises many doubts. Although approach development has helped toxicity nanomaterials, combination scientific efforts constantly urgent ensure consistency processes. will that quality controlled safe promoted. Safety issues considered strategies discovering novel toxicological-related mechanisms needed