Organochlorine, Pyrethrin and Pyrethroid Insecticides: Single Class, Multiresidue Analysis of

摘要: Organochlorine (OC) pesticides is a general term for broad class of compounds including some well-known such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), lindane, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor epoxide (HEPO), endosulfan, and chlordane. OC are the first introduced in agricultural civil uses to counteract noxious insects insect-borne diseases. In they lipophilic with noticeable chemical environmental stability. Although most have been progressively restricted then banned 1970s industrialized countries, widespread pollution has resulted from their use agriculture uses. Pyrethrins natural insecticidal found extract pyrethrum flowers. Also, number synthesized that share biologically relevant moiety pyrethrins referred pyrethroids (PYR). These possess equal or better biological activity stability allow agriculture, husbandry, applications. Both PYR can occur fruits vegetables well food animal origin environment. The levels be different result direct application indirect contamination. Such matrices contamination require analytical approaches resources. A review presented array techniques frequently applied extraction, cleanup identification/determination. Extraction include solvent supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), solid-phase (SPE), microextraction (SPME). Solvent carried out ways depending on type matrix (fatty nonfatty samples, soil, sediments, water), Soxhlet, liquid–liquid (LLE), pressurized liquid (PLE), dispersion (MSPD). Different fatty samples. They liquid– partitioning (LLP), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), sweep codistillation assisted distillation, column adsorption chromatography, SPE cartridges, high-performance (HPLC), thin-layer (TLC) degradative cleanup. modular steps arranged cope requirements posed by sample composition selectivity/sensitivity identification/determinative techniques. performances discussed terms removal amount handled. Also possibilities linking chance automation process indicated. Some pollutants, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), similar behavior same matrices. useful group separation PCB presented. The identification determination gas (GC) selective detectors, HPLC, combination mass spectrometry (MS). importance responses obtain reliable at trace underlined.