Conservation implications of inaccurate estimation of cryptic population size

摘要: Estimating population size is central to species-oriented conservation and management. However, in spite of recent development monitoring protocols, there are gaps our ability accurately quickly estimate numbers individuals present, especially for the cryptic often non-breeding components structured vertebrate populations. Yet knowing growth trajectory all stage classes a critical species conservation. Here we use data from 2 years non-invasive genetic sample collection cryptic, component an endangered bird prey evaluate impact variability estimates on demographic models that underpin efforts. A single 2003 conclusively identified 47 individual imperial eagles, 2.8 times more than were visually counted. In 2004, comprehensive observational analyses determined 414 eagles (n=308 non-breeders+68 territory holders+38 chicks) present. This was 326% larger 127 birds observed (n=21 265% predicted by with same number breeders (n=156±7.2;±se). Our study builds body work demonstrates conventional visual estimation populations may not always be effective. Furthermore, show reliance those can result inaccuracies foundation subsequent action.