Lack of phenotypic variation despite population structure in larval utilization of pea aphids by populations of the lady beetle Hippodamia convergens

摘要: Abstract The convergent lady beetle (Hippodamia convergens) is a generalist natural enemy that utilized extensively in augmentative biological control across the United States. Recent studies have pointed to both genetic and phenotypic differences Western (California) versus Eastern (Kansas) populations of species. Here we investigate (1) population structure, (2) utilization pea aphids at temperatures resemble States (a) populations, (b) F1 Eastern X Western hybrids their progenitor effects competition between (c) populations. We found no final pupal weight, or net weight gain ratio through larval development from third instar stage, despite structure. Our study points towards plastic response effectiveness feeding phenotypes H. convergens, absence hybrid vigor heterozygote advantages hybrids.