Public participation in decision making: A three-step procedure
作者： Ortwin Renn , Thomas Webler , Horst Rakel , Peter Dienel , Branden Johnson
DOI: 10.1007/BF00999716
关键词:
摘要: This article introduces a novel model of public particpation in political decisions. Structured three consecutive steps, the is based on view that stakeholders, experts, and citizens should each contribute to planning effort their particular expertise experience. Stakeholders are valuable resources for eliciting concerns developing evaluative criteria since interests at stake they have already made attempts structure approach issue. Experts necessary provide data base functional relationships between options impacts. Citizens potential victims benefactors proposed measures; best judges evaluate different available basis impacts revealed through other two groups. The three-step has been developed frequently applied as tool West Germany. We compare this experience with model's first application United States, conclude procedure offers limited, but promising future democratizing policy making States.
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