Growth and progression in colorectal cancer

摘要: Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignancy in Western World. The overall 5-year survival still only 50–60%. Thus, better prognostic markers are needed to improve of disease. Most colorectal cancers develop from pre-existing adenomas including conventional, flat and serrated adenomas. important factors include tumour stage, histologic subtype poor differentiation. prognosis depends mainly on stage. growth determined by cell proliferation, differentation apoptosis. progression associated with pattern its invasive margin. Cancer budding means presence cells scattered stroma at margin, β-catenin, an adhesion protein involved nuclear Wnt/ β-catenin pathway. Hormones may be directly a cancer, for example sex hormones play role development gynaecological cancers. knowledge about dependency other hormones, such as thyroid limited. This thesis focuses affecting cancer. Antibodies Ki-67, caspase cleavage site keratin 18, TRβ1 were used determine their possible associations patterns characteristics Apoptosis proliferation decreased particularly adenocarcinomas. margin showed clusters 24.0% cases this predicted very 5-year-survival (15.4%, P < 0.00001), but accumulation did not predict budding. Thyroid hormone receptor was polypoid growth, KRAS mutations also higher WHO histological grade advanced Dukes' vitro analysis, T3 had modulatory effect synthesis In conclusion, type i.e. conventional polypoid, or serrated, has association Budding could utilised diagnostic pathology. Association expression suggest that abnormalities signalling involving some types