Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in bulk tank milk from German dairy farms.

摘要: Although the dairy farm environment is a known source of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, surveillance data on ESBL in milk production chain are still scarce. This study aimed at estimating dimensions problem for public health and animal welfare by surveying ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae raw bulk tank Germany. Samples from 866 farms, comprising about 1% total number farms Germany, were first screened presence cefotaxime-resistant bacteria selective enrichment. Suspect colonies identified phenotypically further characterized biochemical molecular methods, including analysis resistance genes clonal diversity isolates. Bulk 82 (9.5%) yielded with confirmed ESBL-production. The most frequent species was Escherichia coli (75.6%), followed Citrobacter spp. (9.6%), Enterobacter cloacae (6.1%), Klebsiella oxytoca (3.7%), few isolates belonged to other within genera Hafnia, Raoutella Serratia. majority (95.1%) harbored blaCTX-M gene, which has gained increased importance among strains worldwide; CTX-M group 1 found be dominating (88.4%) phylogenetic group. All ESBL-positive clonally heterogeneous, as determined pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. results this survey demonstrate that distributed widely Therefore, potential exposure consumer, increasing considering trend farmer-to-consumer direct marketing. Furthermore, staff have an likelihood bacteria. Finally, may also transferred via waste calves, thus spreading antibiotic environment.