Climate change mitigation scenarios and policies and measures: the case of Kazakhstan

摘要: This article illustrates the main difficulties encountered in preparation of GHG emission projections and climate change mitigation policies measures (P&M) for Kazakhstan. Difficulties representing system with an economic model have been overcome by energy a technical-economic growth (MARKAL-TIMES) based on stock existing plants, transformation processes, end-use devices. scenarios depend mainly pace transition Kazakhstan from planned economy to market economy. Three are portrayed: incomplete transition, fast successful one, even more advanced participation global mitigation, including some trading schemes. If is completed 2020, P&M already adopted may reduce emissions CO2 combustion about 85 MtCO2 2030 – 17% baseline (WOM) scenario. One-third these reductions likely t...