Shorebird Ecology, Conservation, and Management

摘要: Preface and Acknowledgments Part I Evolutionary Relationships, Anatomy Morphology, Breeding Biology 1 INTRODUCTION Diversity Distribution Varied Ecomorphology Diverse Social Systems Globe- Trotting Migrants Wetland Dependence Conservation Management Rationale for Organization of this book 2 SYSTEMATICS, PHYLOGENY, AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHY Fossil History A Brief Shorebird Systematics Phylogeography Hybridization in Shorebirds Biogeography Communities Implications 3 MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY Skeletal Muscle System Integumentary Sensory Apparatus, Foraging, Digestion Digestive Energetics Thermoregulation Osmoregulation Reproductive 4 MATING SYSTEMS Defining a Mating The Role Ecological Factors versus Gene tic Relationships Parental Care Patterns Evolution Polyandry Variance Success Size Dimorphism Sex Ratios 5 BREEDING BIOLOGY Philopatry, Site Fidelity, Dispersal Spring Arrival Schedules Courtship Behavior Densities Selection Eggs Incubation Hatching Chick Growth Development II Nonbreeding Ecology Demography 6 MIGRATION Origins Migration Strategies Physiology Hop, Skip, Jump Populations Flyways 7 FORAGING ECOL OGY HABITAT USE Diets Foraging Maneuvers Habitat Use Acquiring Energy Food Availability Individual Variation 8 SHOREBIRDS AS PREDATORS Predators Their Prey Predicting Competition Limitation Reduction Community 9 SPATIAL ECOLOGY WINTER SOCIAL ORGANIZATION Quantifying Spatial Distributions Range Roosts 10 POPULATION Survival Productivity Population Sizes Trends Monitoring Programs Limiting Human Impacts III 11 CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT Decision Making Wildlife Planning Implementation Agricultural Lands Salt Ponds Sandy, Ocean- Fronting Beaches 12 MANAGING Ethical Considerations Do Limit Populations? Methods Control 13 HUMAN DISTURBANCE Definitions Disturbance Characterizing Responses to Managing 14 EDUCATION OUTREACH Professional Groups Environmental Education Ecotourism Birding Festivals Books Online Resources Appendix Index