Sympathetic nervous activation in obesity and the metabolic syndrome-causes, consequences and therapeutic implications

摘要: The world wide prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome is escalating. Contrary to earlier experimental evidence, human characterised by sympathetic nervous activation, with outflows both kidney skeletal muscle being activated. While mechanisms responsible for initiating activation remain be unequivocally elucidated, hyperinsulinemia, obstructive sleep apnoea, increased circulating adipokines, stress β adrenergic receptor polymorphisms are implicated. pattern may pathophysiological mechanism underpinning much obesity-related illnesses consequences including, amongst others, development hypertension, insulin resistance, diastolic dysfunction renal impairment. diet exercise first line therapy treatment syndrome, pharmacological interventions targeting system, either directly or indirectly also likely benefit. Importantly, benefit not necessarily weight related but associated a reduction in end organ damage.