Description of Bird Behavior for Comparative Purposes

摘要: Ethology arose as a discipline within zoology, with distinctly different aims and methods from psychology (Tinbergen, 1963). From its inception, ethology embraced phylogenesis, inheritance, “survival value,” adaptation—research areas that relied on comparative observations inductive reasoning (Darwin, 1859, 1872). Our understanding of animal behavior has increased through many fine descriptive studies because become more rigorous, quantitative, experimental, interdisciplinary. needs richness research philosophies approaches behavior, however it is viewed or defined, complex, dynamic, influenced by internal external factors enormously diverse time courses. A comprehensive behavioral attributes bird feeding, for example, demands knowledge motor patterns, feeding mechanisms, diet, development, sensory biology, ecology, food choice, functional morphology, other subjects. At the extreme, progress toward broad transspecific trends, better standardized in ethology, depends taxa (Schleidt et al., 1984; Leonard Lukowiak, 1984).