Genome analysis of food grade lactic Acid-producing bacteria: from basics to applications.

摘要: Whole-genome sequencing has revolutionized and accelerated scientific research that aims to study the genetics, biochemistry molecular biology of bacteria. Lactic acid-producing bacteria, which include lactic acid bacteria (LAB) bifidobacteria, are typically Gram-positive, catalase-negative organisms, occupy a wide range natural plant- animal-associated environments. LAB species frequently involved in transformation perishable raw materials into more stable, pleasant, palatable safe fermented food products. bifidobacteria also found among resident microbiota gastrointestinal and/or genitourinary tracts vertebrates, where they believed exert health-promoting effects. At present, genomes than 20 bifidobacterial have been completely sequenced. Their genome content reflects its specific metabolism, physiology, biosynthetic capabilities, adaptability varying conditions The typical LAB/bifidobacterial is relatively small (from 1.7 3.3 Mb) thus harbors limited assortment genes around 1,600 over 3,000). These code for broad array transporters efficient carbon nitrogen assimilation from nutritionally-rich niches usually inhabit, specify rather degrading capabilities. variation number suggests evolution each these bacterial groups processes extensive gene loss their particular ancestor, diversification certain common biological activities through duplication, acquisition key functions via horizontal transfer. availability sequences expected revolutionize exploitation metabolic potential improving use bioprocessing utilization biotechnological health-related applications.