Human Papillomavirus and Carcinogenesis in the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract

摘要: The evaluation of causality for these infectious agents as human carcinogens is difficult given their ubiquitous nature, the substantial length time between infection and cancer event, nature cofactors, rarity malignancy among those infected. Thus, a central problem epidemiologist to define natural history identify factors that are related development cancer. Hence, informative biomarkers agent (such viral load), host abnormal antibody pattern), other oncogenic exposures tobacco use) required understanding viral-human interactions developing interventions [2].