Controlling cytokine signaling by constitutive inhibitors

摘要: Cytokines are secreted proteins that regulate diverse biological functions by binding to receptors at the cell surface activate complex signal transduction pathways including Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. Stringent mechanisms attenuation essential for ensuring an appropriate, controlled cellular response. Three families proteins, SH2-containing phosphatases (SHP), protein inhibitors activated STATs (PIAS), suppressors cytokine signaling (SOCS), inhibit specific distinct aspects transduction. The analysis mice lacking genes members SHP has shed much light on roles these in vivo. In recent vitro studies, modifiers ubiquitin small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) have emerged as key players strategies employed SOCS PIAS repress signaling. This review throws action regulators being evolved latest researches.