In vitro toxicological characterization of two arsenosugars and their metabolites

摘要: Scope In their recently published Scientific Opinion on Arsenic in Food, the European Food Safety Authority concluded that a risk assessment for arsenosugars is currently not possible, largely because of lack relevant toxicological data. To address this issue, we carried out vitro characterization two and six arsenosugar metabolites. Methods results The highly pure synthesized arsenosugars, DMAV-sugar-glycerol DMAV-sugar-sulfate, investigated study, as well four metabolites, oxo-dimethylarsenoacetic acid (oxo-DMAAV), oxo-dimethylarsenoethanol (oxo-DMAEV), thio-DMAAV thio-DMAEV, exerted neither cytotoxicity nor genotoxicity up to 500 μM exposure cultured human bladder cells. However, namely dimethyl-arsinic (DMAV) thio-dimethylarsinic (thio-DMAV), were toxic cells; thio-DMAV was even slightly more cytotoxic than arsenite. Additionally, intestinal bioavailability assessed applying Caco-2 barrier model. The observed low, but significant transfer rates across model provide further evidence are intestinally bioavailable. Conclusion In cellular system metabolizes toxicity likely arises. Thus, strong contrast arsenobetaine, cannot be categorized nontoxic humans health excluded.