Rotavirus infections and vaccines: burden of illness and potential impact of vaccination

摘要: Rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children. By 5 years age virtually every child worldwide will have experienced at least one rotavirus infection. This leads to an enormous disease burden, where minute a dies because infection and another four hospitalized, annual societal cost 2007 $US2 billion. Most 527 000 deaths malnourished infants living rural regions low middle income countries. In contrast, measurable costs arise from medical expenses lost parental wages high Vaccines only public health prevention strategy likely control disease. They were developed mimic immunity following natural that confers protection against consequently reduces risk primary healthcare utilization, hospitalization death. The two currently licensed vaccines — single human strain vaccine, other multiple human-bovine pentavalent reassortant vaccine administered two- or three-dose course, respectively, with first dose given 6–14 weeks age. various settings they safe, immunogenic efficacious many different genotypes. countries, confer 85–100% disease, while Africa Asia, is less, 46–77%. Despite this reduced efficacy burden diarrheal these means proportionately more cases prevented by vaccination than elsewhere. Post-licensure effectiveness studies show not reduce activity infancy but also decrease rates diarrhea older unimmunized A successful program rely upon sustained diverse evolving strains efficient delivery systems. potential introduction into world’s poorest countries greatest rotavirus-related mortality expected be very effective, should effective international standards when incorporated immunization schedules. Nonetheless, each country still depends largely on local rate price relation per capita gross domestic product.