Cytotoxic responses of the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and comparative sensitivity with human cells lines.

摘要: Abstract The rise of cancer cases worldwide led to an increase in production and consumption anticancer drugs, that ultimately end up the marine environment are accumulated aquatic organisms. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a cytotoxic alkylating agent frequently prescribed treatments. This study assess ecotoxicological effects CP on mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, through vivo ex approaches compares sensitivity mussel haemocytes with well-established human cell lines (RPE HeLa). Mussels were exposed (1000 ng L-1) several biomarkers analysed gills digestive glands namely neurotoxicity (AChE activity), oxidative stress (GPx biotransformation (GST lipid peroxidation (LPO) apoptosis (caspase whereas genotoxicity was determined mussels’ haemocytes. Cytotoxicity also assessed (in vivo) vitro) range concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500 1000 over 24 h, via neutral red assay. In exposure, detoxification did not efficiently occur while GPx GST activities induced, jointly decrease peroxidation, indicating potential outcome protective antioxidant mechanisms, no noted. Moreover, cytotoxicity DNA damage detected exposure caused (from 100 L-1), occurred lines. suggests that, at relevant environmental concentrations, cause subtle irreversible impacts M. galloprovincialis.