Boiled or Filtered Coffee? Effects of Coffee and Caffeine on Cholesterol, Fibrinogen and C-reactive Protein

摘要: Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant drug in world that mostly form of coffee. Whether caffeine and/or coffee consumption contribute to development cardiovascular disease (CVD), single leading cause death US, unclear. This article examines effects intake, both alone and via consumption, on key blood markers CVD risk: lipoproteins (cholesterol, triglycerides), fibrinogen (a biomarker clotting) C-reactive protein (CRP; a inflammation). These their role are reviewed first. Studies examining each these then presented. Next, biobehavioural moderators relationship between discussed, including genetics, sex tobacco smoking. The literature indicates strong boiled, unfiltered elevated cholesterol levels; however, there critical gap regarding or CRP, which an independent predictor risk. Available studies limited by small samples sizes, inclusion only men (or few women) unrepresented age ethnic groups. Thiere need for controlled laboratory epidemiological include CRP risk before conclusions can be drawn health normal, healthy population women.