Delayed posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy: a case series and review of the literature.

摘要: Delayed posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) is a rare and underrecognized entity where patients manifest neurological relapse after initial recovery from an acute hypoxic episode. We sought to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in group of with DPHL review available literature.Retrospective case series including who presented and/or psychiatric symptoms The history clinical presentation were reviewed electronic medical records. MRI scans evaluated picture archiving communication system. performed comprehensive English literature for prior published cases key that have been reported related this condition.A total five identified, four respiratory failure due drug overdoses benzodiazepines, opioids, barbiturates, one patient cardiopulmonary arrest pulmonary embolism. All showed diffuse, extensive, confluent white matter signal abnormalities prominent restricted diffusion, extending subcortical respecting U-fibers. There was no gyral edema or contrast enhancement. In histopathology available, which highlighted patchy myelin loss sparing U-fibers demonstrated macrophage/microglial inflammation extensive axonal damage. Of other patients, two at their baselines had persistent deficits time discharge.The described constellation highly suggestive appropriate setting.