Review: Date palm arthropod pests and their management in Israel

摘要: This review summarizes the current knowledge on distribution, natural history, economic importance and management of 16 major species date palm pests in Israel. Another 15, rarely occurring, pest are also identified. Research Israel was initiated against a background severe outbreaks scale insects late 1950s. These were caused mainly by unrestrained use organophosphates. situation led to gradual development an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program, which implemented first later fruit pests. The IMP approach resulted successful control insects, up present, whereas agrotechnical crop procedures, including covering bunches with plastic nets early harvesting several cultivars, successfully applied achieve efficient moths. In addition, chemical compounds plantations drastically reduced restricted heavy foci infestation. time, microbial control, application ofBacillus thuringiensis products lesser moth, pheromone traps for monitoring controlling red weevil, enabled further reductions synthetic insecticides. overall change significantly improved preservation enemies plantations. Whereas 1950s problems parlatoria green scale, 2000s key moth sap beetles most date-growing areas, spider mites Arava Valley. Future two these should rely system integration reduction population damage. Efforst be made prevent currently is potential pest, from becoming actual