Regurgitative food transfer among wild wolves

摘要: Few studies of monogamous canids have addressed regurgitation in the context extended parental care and alloparental within family groups. We studied food transfer by a pack wolves on Ellesmere Island, North West Territories, Canada, during 6 summers from 1988 through 1996. All adult wolves, including yearlings post-reproductive female, regurgitated food. Although individuals up to five times per bout, overall ratio regurgitations bout was 1.5. Pups were more likely receive (81%) than breeding female (14%) or auxiliaries (6%). The male mostly pups, primarily pups. relative effort correlated with litter size (Kendall's τ = 0.93, P 0.01).