Child skeletal fluorosis from indoor burning of coal in southwestern China.

摘要: Objectives. We assess the prevalence and pathogenic stage of skeletal fluorosis among children adolescents residing in a severe coal-burning endemic area southwest China. Methods. used cross-sectional design. A total 1,616 students aged between 7 16 years Zhijin County, Guizhou, China late 2004 were selected via cluster sampling all 9-year compulsory education schools to complete study questionnaire. Any student lived household that burned coal, an open-burning stove, or baked foodstuffs over coal stove was deemed high-risk for fluorosis. About 23% (370) (188 boys, 182 girls) identified as further examined by X-ray. Results. One-third 370 participants diagnosed with Overall child due indoor burning 7.5%. Children 12–16 significantly more likely be than 7–11 (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.17–2.90; 𝑃 .0082). Four types identified: constrictive (60.7%), raritas (15.6%), mixed (16.4%), soft (7.4%). Most cases (91%) mild moderate severity. In addition, about 97% dental Dental highly correlated this study. Conclusions. Skeletal may contribute poor health reduced productivity when they reach adulthood. Further efforts reduce fluoride exposure southwestern where is indoors are desperately needed.