Kinetic methods for measuring the temperature of clusters and nanoparticles in molecular beams

摘要: The temperature (internal energy) of clusters and nanoparticles is an important physical parameter which affects many their properties the character processes they are involved in. At same time, determining free in molecular beams a rather complicated problem because small particles depends on size. In this paper, recently developed kinetic methods for measuring reviewed. definition present context given, how involving discussed. behavior near phase transition point analyzed. Early large briefly described. It shown that, compared to other methods, new more universal applicable practically any size composition. future development applications these outlined.