作者: Y. Otaki , M. Otaki , P. N. Bao , T. T. V. Nga , T. Aramaki
DOI: 10.2166/WS.2013.029
关键词:
摘要: Daily total water consumption per capita has been used as a basic unit for the future planning of supply domestic use. However, innovative utilization designs that consider various scenarios, including effects policy direction and global warming, more strategic efficient use, it is absolutely essential to usage divided by residential activities, such toilet flushing, cooking, clothes washing, bathing. We collected micro-component data direct measurement from each household outlet, developed small accumulative meters. Measurements were conducted at 56 households 2 months in Hanoi, Vietnam, average was 18.6 L/p/d toilet, 16.2 laundry, 10.4 bath, 15.7 kitchen. then analyzed representative values distribution every social economic perspectives. In addition, we compared results Hanoi with those Chiang Mai, Thailand, where investigated few years ago, their value seemed similar except bathroom but substance different. One distinct outcome our investigation recognition cultural methodological challenges end-use assessment modernizing Asian communities.