THE CALCULATION OF LONG TERM SULPHUR DEPOSITION IN EUROPE

摘要: Abstract A model based on statistical distributions of windspeed, wind direction and dispersion categories rainfall is used to calculate the annual wet dry deposition sulphur over Europe, using a detailed emission inventory. The explicitly allows for vertical diffusion in mixing layer thereby effect source height. Wet removal are taken into account as well conversion dioxide sulphate. In regions Europe with heavy precipitation, such southwest Norway, corrections pattern made. Other factors, diurnal variation depth large scale synoptic motions, investigated not thought change overall deposition. calculated compares favourably measurements calculations trajectory models. results show that highest total rates occur major areas (10g m −2 y −1 SO 2 )and decrease low values (1 gm ) outlying U.K., France, Italy Scandinavia. does pronounced maxima close emissions. also modified southern Norway. budget constructed region deposition, which agrees fairly measured analysed according sectors containing main areas. contribution from each sector only estimated approximately (to within factor two) but shows expected dependence strength frequency direction. uncertainty background concentration sulphate precipitation directly attributable man-made sources Europe. calculation excludes about 100 km receptor site. at any sampling site dependent details emissions neighbourhood However average regional can be assessed. It small Norway because region. Source height strongly influences local larger less important than other direction, uncertainties