Cloud condensation nuclei as a source of ice-forming nuclei in clouds

摘要: Abstract For the first time it has been found that sorption ice-forming nuclei (IFN) are produced in a cloud when droplets evaporating. Ice crystals form by vapor diffusion at moment fraction of residues evaporated (newly formed aerosol particles) become IFN. In this study, concentration IFN varied from 0 to 6.4 × 103 m−3 −4.4°C, and was as high 7.0 −20°C. The producing transient population estimated between 10−5 10−4. particles active operative condensation-followed-by-freezing be hundreds 1.5 104 temperatures −6 Evidence now exists only one measuring technique concentrations does not suffice explain ice natural clouds.