作者: Carl-Henrik Heldin , Aristidis Moustakas , Serhiy Souchelnytskyi , Susumu Itoh , Peter ten Dijke
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8354-2_2
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摘要: The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily consists of about 30 mammalian members, including TGF-β isoforms, activins, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) and others (reviewed by [1]). These factors regulate cell growth, differentiation apoptosis various types, have important functions during the embryonal development. isoforms inhibit most epithelial cells, endothelial cells lymphocytes; however, certain connective tissue is stimulated. also causes an accumulation extracellular matrix molecules, via stimulation f synthesis as well inhibition degradation, triggers IgA class switch B lymphocytes. Activins stimulate secretion follicle stimulating hormone from pituitary promote erythropoietic survival neuronal tissue, induce dorsal mesoderm in Xenopus embryos. BMPs cartilage vivo, affect hematopoietic stem neural ventral Xenopus. Overactivity or loss activity members family has been implicated disorders, fibrotic conditions, rheumatoid arthritis cancer.