Quantised Vortices in Atomic Bose–Einsten Condensates

摘要: Abstract In this review, we give an overview of the experimental and theoretical advances in physics quantised vortices dilute atomic gas Bose–Einstein condensates a trapping potential, especially focusing on research activities their interpretations. Making good use atom optical technique, experiments have revealed many novel structural dynamic properties by directly visualising vortex cores from image density profiles. These results lead to deep understanding superfluid hydrodynamics such systems. Typically, are stabilised rotating potential created laser beam, magnetic field thermal gas. Finite-size effects inhomogeneity system, originating confinement yield unique dynamics coupled with collective excitations condensate. Measuring frequencies modes is accurate tool for clarifying character state. The topics included review mechanism formation, equilibrium single those lattice rapidly